Dropped: Existential Types

Existential types using forSome (as in SLS §3.2.12) have been dropped. The reasons for dropping them are:

• Existential types violate a type soundness principle on which DOT and Scala 3 are constructed. That principle says that every prefix (p, respectively S) of a type selection p.T or S#T must either come from a value constructed at runtime or refer to a type that is known to have only good bounds.

• Existential types create many difficult feature interactions with other Scala constructs.

• Existential types largely overlap with path-dependent types, so the gain of having them is relatively minor.

Existential types that can be expressed using only wildcards (but not forSome) are still supported, but are treated as refined types. For instance, the type

Map[_ <: AnyRef, Int]

is treated as the type Map, where the first type parameter is upper-bounded by AnyRef and the second type parameter is an alias of Int.

When reading class files compiled with Scala 2, Scala 3 will do a best effort to approximate existential types with its own types. It will issue a warning that a precise emulation is not possible.